ABSTRACT
Similar particles and auxiliaries convey notions which might in some languages be expressed by adverbs:
VG n mee haa du de 'my father is still alive' MP mba na be ni
VG n le1J karmuu 'I have already read it' MP m pun karim ka
VG n kaa bau 'I have come again' MP n faa n-kye na
3.5.3. In most of the Gur languages, verbs have two basic forms. Often one of these is 'imperfective', focusing on the ongoing unfolding of the action, while the other is neutral or 'perfective', merely concerned with the basic fact of the happening of the action. In MP and in many other Oti-Volta languages there is basically an endin added to the neutral form to make the imperfective:
MP u dugi sinkaafa MP u dugri la sinkaafa MP b:J ka u dugra?
