ABSTRACT
A new state may be formed on two types of occasion: first, when a society that can govern itself without a state evolves into a more complex society, whose life needs to be regulated by state organizations, and second, when an old state collapses or does not correspond to the society's needs and has to be replaced by a new one. In Central Asia at the beginning of the twentieth century, it became increasingly clear that the Tsarist colonial regime did not correspond to the interests of the native population in many aspects; it confiscated their lands while denying them political rights. On the other hand, Central Asian society itself was getting more complex, with massive migration of Russian colonists and increasing stratification of the indigenous population.
