ABSTRACT
Thus far we have mainly considered the material interactions which take place between self, society, and nature, and have discussed individuals in transactional terms as both constituting and being constituted by the natural and social environments they inhabit. In this chapter we turn to a consideration of how concepts regarding how the world is and should be valued are constructed. The facts and values humans construct are also infl uenced, although not exclusively determined, by the interactions they have with their natural and social environments. The converse of this idea is that the beliefs and actions of humans reciprocally infl uence, but do not exclusively determine, what society and nature themselves become.
