ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes statistical tests that are used for designs that have one independent variable factor and one dependent variable. These statistical tests are used to answer basic difference questions. The chapter focuses on the parametric tests that are commonly used in the literature. These tests are the independent samples t test, the single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), the dependent or paired samples t test, and the single-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance. The chapter discusses single-factor between-groups designs performed on dependent variables that are normally distributed. It addresses statistical analyses appropriate for between-groups designs and statistical analyses for within-subjects or repeated-measures designs. The chapter also discusses nonparametric tests to answer basic difference questions. For between-groups designs these tests included the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance by ranks. Nonparametric tests are used less frequently than parametric analyses and usually are less powerful.
