ABSTRACT
To help us evaluate quantificational arguments, we’ll construct a little quantificational language. Our language builds on propositional logic and includes all of its vocabulary, wffs, inference rules, and proofs. We add two new vocabulary items: small letters and “Æ.” Here are sample formulas:
Ir Ix
(x)Ix (Æx)Ix
= = = =
Romeo is Italian. x is Italian. For all x, x is Italian (all are Italian). For some x, x is Italian (some are Italian).
