ABSTRACT
This chapter tackles the links between structural inequalities and social differences. As R. Brubaker states, differences anchored in various ascribed categories, particularly gender, ethnicity, and race; also citizenship: are not intrinsically linked to inequality; different does not necessarily imply unequal. It presents the manner in which the analysts of the era discussed and interpreted the relationship between (that which they considered to be) the central dimension of social inequalities-social class-and other dimensions and social cleavages, above all, gender, race, and ethnicity. Florestan Fernandes tracks inequalities from the formation—incomplete, specific—of social classes in dependent capitalist development. The double appropriation—of local bourgeoisie and of global capitalism—leaves the "lower" classes in an especially disadvantageous situation. The framework of analysis is capitalist development in the course of history, not as a lineal process that repeats itself in a similar way in different places but as a situated process anchored in the interconnections between the global scale and national and subnational scales.
