ABSTRACT
Gaseous pollutants are created from natural and anthropogenic activities. Natural activities are, for example, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, plant and animal decomposition, and ocean spray, whereas anthropogenic activities are mainly from human-induced activities such as power generation, commercial use, industrial combustion, and transportation. Rapid population growth requires the support of the supply chain of goods for daily activities. A coal-fired power plant generates a large amount of solid waste in the power generation process. In a combustion chamber, most carbon from coal is burned, but inorganic and noncombustible material is released as coal fly ash. Fly ash can be used to synthesize adsorbent. Nevertheless, fly ash is treated as a support rather than catalyst itself. Agricultural waste is defined as the residues from growing and processing of raw agricultural products such as vegetables, fruits, meat, dairy products, poultry, and crops. Only a few studies have been carried out to convert construction waste and other types of waste into gas adsorbents.
