ABSTRACT
Water pollution is one of the more severe environment problems that the world faces. The sources of clean and safe water for human consumption are becoming scarce due to improper disposal of city sewage and industrial waste discharge. Agricultural wastes are lignocellulosic materials, and they are the most abundantly available renewable materials on the earth that can be used as the raw materials for different kinds of applications. The physical treatment is the environmental-friendly method of modification of agricultural waste as the adsorbent. However, the success of this treatment depends on the agricultural waste characteristic such as the moisture content or lignin composition. In the carbonization process, the agricultural waste reacts with a control amount of oxygen or steam at high temperature without the combustion process. The adsorption of hazardous substances from aqueous solution to agricultural wastes is based on the binding mechanism between the pollutant molecules and the surface functional groups of biomass.
