ABSTRACT

Handbook on Punishment Decisions: Locations of Disparity provides a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge on sites of disparity in punishment decision-making. This collection of essays and reports of original research defines disparity broadly to include the intersection of race/ethnicity, gender, age, citizenship/immigration status, and socioeconomic status, and it examines dimensions such as how pretrial or guilty plea processes shape exposure to punishment, how different types of sentencing decisions and/or policy structures (sentencing guidelines, mandatory minimums, risk assessment tools) might shape and condition disparity, and how post-sentencing decisions involving probation and parole contribute to inequalities. The sixteen contributions pull together what we know and what we don’t about punishment decision-making and plow new ground for further advances in the field.

The ASC Division on Corrections & Sentencing Handbook Series publishes volumes on topics ranging from violence risk assessment to specialty courts for drug users, veterans, or people with mental illness. Each thematic volume focuses on a single topical issue that intersects with corrections and sentencing research.

chapter |7 pages

Introduction

part I|72 pages

Policy Choices and Mass Punishment

chapter 2|23 pages

Mass Probation and Inequality

Race, Class, and Gender Disparities in Supervision and Revocation

chapter 3|14 pages

Sowing the Seeds of Future Justice System Disparities

School Punishment and the School-to-Prison Pipeline

part II|105 pages

Disparities in Pre-Conviction Processes

chapter 5|23 pages

“Escape” From Punishment

Exploring the Sealing of a Criminal Record and Potential Disparities in Its Application

chapter 6|19 pages

Discretion in the Absence of Guidelines

Charge Bargaining and Sentencing for Felony Defendants in New York 1

part III|149 pages

Disparities in Punishment Outcomes

chapter 9|27 pages

Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among Female Offenders Adjudicated in Federal Courts

Explicating the Patterns of Disparities Using a Path Model

chapter 10|25 pages

Studying Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing

The Importance of Refining Ethnic Minority Measures

part IV|79 pages

Risk

chapter 14|24 pages

Assessment of Offender Risk at Sentencing

A Potential for Disparity?

chapter 16|31 pages

“Objects of Concern” or “Risky Young Offenders”?

Assessment and Intervention With Children in the Public Care and Youth Justice Systems of England and Wales