ABSTRACT

First Published in 1998 , The Dictionary of Enamelling is the first book to provide a comprehensive guide to this most diverse of the decorative arts.Indispensable for anyone interested in the evolution of enamelling technique, the book includes some 400 entries covering every aspect of its history. There are entries on key pieces, individual enamellers, designers, schools, techniques, and the major achievements are described in every era. The knowledge and insight of Erika Speel’s account are supported and enhanced by a brilliantly researched collection of 200 illustrations, 100 in colour, portraying the most dazzling and important pieces, a unique visual record of enamelling history. The Dictionary of Enamelling will be invaluable to people who collect, study, create and enjoy enamels.

chapter |5 pages

A

entry |1 pages

Acids

entry |1 pages

Aeneid Master (active 1525-30) (see COLOUR PLATE 1)

entry |1 pages

Alfred Jewel, The

entry |2 pages

Alfred Jewel, replicas and copies (see COLOUR PLATE 2)

entry |1 pages

Alpacca

entry |1 pages

Alpais, G. (working early 13th century)

entry |1 pages

Altenstetter (Attenstett) David (1547-1617)

entry |1 pages

Aluminium used for enamelling

entry |2 pages

André, Alfred (1839-1919)

entry |1 pages

Applying enamel for art methods

entry |1 pages

Ardagh Chalice (Chalice of Ardagh)

entry |2 pages

Art enamellers (see COLOUR PLATE 3)

entry |1 pages

Art Nouveau enamels (see COLOUR PLATE 4)

entry |1 pages

Arts & Crafts Movement (see COLOUR PLATE 5)

entry |1 pages

Ashbee, Charles Robert (1863-1942)

entry |2 pages

Aventurine (Avanturine) glass / goldstone

chapter |14 pages

B

entry |1 pages

Badges and medals (illustrated overleaf)

entry |3 pages

W.G. Ball Ltd, Stoke-on-Trent

entry |1 pages

Ball, Fred Uhl (1945-85)

entry |1 pages

Barbedienne & Cie of Paris

entry |1 pages

Barnes & Co. (see COLOUR PLATE 6)

entry |1 pages

Barnes, Phillip E. (b. 1952) (see COLOUR PLATE 7)

entry |3 pages

Basse taille (basse-taille, bassetaille) (see COLOUR PLATES 8 and 9)

entry |1 pages

Basse taille sur fond reservé

entry |1 pages

Bates, Kenneth F. (1904-94)

entry |2 pages

Battersea enamels

entry |1 pages

Baugrand, Gustav (1826-70)

entry |1 pages

Beaded enamel (see COLOUR PLATE 12)

entry |1 pages

Benney, Gerald (working from 1966) (see COLOUR PLATE 11)

entry |1 pages

Bibracte (Mont Beuvray), France

entry |2 pages

Bilston, South Staffordshire (see COLOUR PLATE 13)

entry |1 pages

Birch, William Russell (1755-1834)

entry |1 pages

Birdlip Mirror

entry |1 pages

Blancher, R. Ernest (1855-1935)

entry |1 pages

Blerzy, Joseph-Etienne (working 1768-1806)

entry |2 pages

Blueing

entry |1 pages

Boehm (late ruth century)

entry |1 pages

Boit (Boet, Boett), Charles (c. 1663-1727) (see COLOUR PLATE 27)

entry |3 pages

Bone, Henry (1755-1834) (see COLOUR PLATE 14)

entry |1 pages

Bordier, Jacques (1616-84)

entry |1 pages

Bordier, Pierre (working 1645)

entry |1 pages

Boucheron, Frederic (1830-1902)

entry |1 pages

Bourdery, Louis (1859-1901)

entry |1 pages

Bouvier, Guillaume (active in first half of 18th century)

entry |1 pages

Boxes (see COLOUR PLATE 10)

entry |1 pages

Boy, Peter, the Elder (1648-1727)

entry |1 pages

Bragg

entry |1 pages

Brass

entry |1 pages

Bright cut

entry |1 pages

Britannia Silver (Britannia standard silver)

entry |1 pages

Britzin, Ivan Savelievitch (working 1860-1917)

entry |1 pages

Bronze

entry |1 pages

Burnham Signs, London

entry |2 pages

Buttons (see COLOUR PLATE 26)

entry |2 pages

Byzantine enamels (see COLOUR PLATE 95)

chapter |19 pages

C

entry |1 pages

Camaieu, en camaieu

entry |2 pages

Cartier of Paris

entry |2 pages

Cast metal for enamelling

entry |1 pages

Castellani, Goldsmiths of Italy

entry |1 pages

Cellini, Benvenuto (1500-71) (see COLOUR PLATE 15)

entry |2 pages

Cellini Salt, The (see COLOUR PLATE 96)

entry |1 pages

Celtic enamels

entry |1 pages

Celtic enamels: 6th-9th centuries AD

entry |2 pages

Ceramic Coating Company (see COLOUR PLATE 48)

entry |2 pages

Champlevé (champslevé, champs-levé)

entry |1 pages

Châtillon/Chastillon, Louis de (1639-1734)

entry |1 pages

Cheapside Hoard, The

entry |1 pages

Chinese enamels (see COLOUR PLATES 16 and 17)

entry |1 pages

Christofle

entry |3 pages

Cigarette cases, enamelled, 1880-1930 (see COLOUR PLATE 18)

entry |1 pages

Cleaning of metal for enamelling/metal preparation

entry |1 pages

Clinquant

entry |2 pages

Cloisonné de plique

entry |1 pages

Cloisonné disc brooches from 10th/11th centuries AD

entry |2 pages

Cloisonné enamels (see COLOUR PLATE 54)

entry |1 pages

Cloisonné sur fonte

entry |2 pages

Coddling

entry |1 pages

Coefficient of expansion or modulus of expansion

entry |1 pages

Coins, enamelled

entry |1 pages

Cold enamels, unfused coatings

entry |1 pages

Colette

entry |2 pages

Conques, Southern France

entry |1 pages

Copper

entry |2 pages

Counter-enamel (backing)

entry |1 pages

Court family of Limoges

entry |1 pages

Courteys/Courtois/Cortoys family of Limoges

entry |1 pages

Courtois, Nicolas André (1734-1806)

entry |1 pages

Crackle enamel

entry |2 pages

Cracks (of glaze)

entry |1 pages

Craft, William Hopkins (c. 1730-1811)

entry |1 pages

Crizzling

entry |1 pages

Cupro-nickel

entry |2 pages

Cyprus

chapter |5 pages

D

entry |1 pages

Dalpayrat, Louis (working from 1872)

entry |1 pages

David-Andersen A/S (David Andersen), Oslo

entry |1 pages

Dawson, Nelson (1859-1942) & Edith Dawson

entry |1 pages

Decals

entry |2 pages

De Koningh, H./H. de Koningh London

entry |1 pages

Demole, Jean-Henri (1879-c.1950)

entry |1 pages

De Vroomen Design

entry |3 pages

Dials

entry |1 pages

Dinglinger family (late 17th/early 18th centuries)

entry |1 pages

Dipping (see also LIQUID ENAMEL)

entry |2 pages

Dishing

entry |1 pages

Roger Doyle Ltd

entry |1 pages

Dry process

entry |1 pages

Dub: Silversmiths of Vienna

entry |1 pages

Dufaux

entry |1 pages

Dusting of enamels for art methods

chapter |13 pages

E

entry |1 pages

Edgar, Maureen (b.1949) (see COLOUR PLATE 19)

entry |1 pages

Eilbertus of Cologne (working c. 1130-c. 1150)

entry |2 pages

Electroforming/electrotyping

entry |1 pages

Electrophoresis

entry |1 pages

Electrostatic spraying

entry |1 pages

Elkington, Birmingham

entry |2 pages

Email de plique / de plite (see CLOISONNÉ DE PLIQUE)

entry |2 pages

Enamel: colours and their qualities

entry |2 pages

Enamels for metal

entry |1 pages

Enamel: preparation of colours for enamelling

entry |2 pages

Enamels, properties of (see COLOUR PLATES 20, 21 and 23)

entry |2 pages

Enamel: resume

entry |1 pages

Enamelling: the techniques or methods

entry |2 pages

Engine-turning

entry |3 pages

English painted enamels (see COLOUR PLATE 24)

entry |1 pages

Enlevage à l'aiguille

entry |2 pages

Escol Panels

entry |1 pages

Essex, William and his workshop (see COLOUR PLATE 25)

entry |1 pages

Etching

entry |1 pages

Experimental techniques: 20th century (see COLOUR PLATE 51)

chapter |14 pages

F

entry |2 pages

Fabergé (Peter) Carl/Karl (1846–1920) (see COLOUR PLATES 29, 30 and 41)

entry |2 pages

Fakes and refurbishments (see COLOUR PLATE 32)

entry |2 pages

Falize of Paris

entry |1 pages

Fattorini/Thomas Fattorini Ltd

entry |1 pages

Fauré, Camille (1872–1947)

entry |1 pages

Ferro Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio

entry |1 pages

Feuillâtre, Eugène (1870–1916)

entry |1 pages

Filigree

entry |2 pages

Fillon, Normand (b. 1938)

entry |1 pages

Finishing

entry |1 pages

Fire-scale

entry |3 pages

Firing/Fusing/Baking of enamelwork (see COLOUR PLATE 22)

entry |1 pages

Firing fixture/firing support/planche

entry |1 pages

Fish Enterprises Ltd

entry |1 pages

Fisher, Alexander (1864–1936) (see COLOUR PLATE 37)

entry |1 pages

Fissures/strain lines/hair lines

entry |1 pages

Flinking (see COLOUR PLATE 71)

entry |1 pages

Flow coating

entry |1 pages

Flux/fondant/clear enamel

entry |2 pages

Foils

entry |1 pages

Fontenay, Eugène (1824–87)

entry |1 pages

Fouquet, Georges (working from c. 1880—after 1901)

entry |1 pages

Fouquet (Foucquet), Jean (c. 1420–d. 1477/81)

entry |2 pages

Frey/Michaela Frey (Wien)

entry |1 pages

Frit (frits)

entry |1 pages

Froment-Meurice, of Paris

entry |1 pages

Fromery workshop

entry |2 pages

Furnaces

chapter |9 pages

G

entry |1 pages

Garnier Signs (London)/Garnier & Co. Ltd

entry |2 pages

Gaudernack, Florian Gustav (1865–1914)

entry |1 pages

Gautrait, L. (working in late 19th/early 20th centuries)

entry |1 pages

Genevan method (see COLOUR PLATES 31, 36 and 83)

entry |2 pages

Geoffrey Plantagenet Votive Tablet, (c. 1151) (see COLOUR PLATE 94)

entry |1 pages

Georgian Enamels

entry |1 pages

Gilding metal

entry |2 pages

Giuliano, Carlo (1831–95) (see COLOUR PLATE 33)

entry |1 pages

Glass brush

entry |1 pages

Godefroid of Huy (Godefroid de Claire) (c. 1100–73)

entry |2 pages

Gold

entry |1 pages

Goldenes Rössl von Altötting (Golden Steed of Altötting)

entry |1 pages

Grandhomme, Paul (active c. 1874–1911)

entry |3 pages

Grisaille

entry |1 pages

Grounding

entry |1 pages

Guccio di Mannaia (working in 1288–92)

entry |2 pages

Guelph

entry |2 pages

Guilloché (see COLOUR PLATES 39 and 40)

entry |1 pages

Gum

chapter |5 pages

H

entry |1 pages

Hair-line cracks in enamel (see CRACKS and FISSURES)

entry |1 pages

Halcyon Days

entry |1 pages

Hardman, John (1811–67)

entry |1 pages

Hatching

entry |2 pages

Heraldic enamels (see COLOUR PLATE 43)

entry |1 pages

Herkomer, Sir Hubert von (1849–1914) (see COLOUR PLATE 38)

entry |1 pages

Hermeling, Gabriel (1833–1904)

entry |1 pages

Hirtz, Lucien (1864—working after 1903)

entry |1 pages

Holy Thorn, Reliquary of the (see COLOUR PLATE 46)

entry |1 pages

Huaud (Huaut, Huault) (17th century) (see COLOUR PLATES 87 and 89)

entry |2 pages

Hungarian enamels

entry |1 pages

Hydrofluoric acid

chapter |5 pages

I

entry |3 pages

Indian enamels

entry |2 pages

Industrial enamels (see COLOUR PLATE 48)

entry |2 pages

Iron

chapter |3 pages

J

entry |3 pages

Japanese enamels (see COLOUR PLATES 53 and 55)

entry |1 pages

Jouhaud, Léon (1874–1950)

chapter |3 pages

K

entry |2 pages

Kempson & Mauger Ltd, London

entry |1 pages

Kiev, Russia

entry |1 pages

Killmaster, John (b. 1934) (see COLOUR PLATE 49)

entry |2 pages

King John Cup/Lynn or King's Lynn Cup (see COLOUR PLATE 93)

entry |1 pages

Klosterneuburg: the Altar by Nicolas of Verdun (Verduner Altar) (see COLOUR PLATE 91)

entry |1 pages

Knox, Archibald (1864–1933)

chapter |11 pages

L

entry |2 pages

Lalique, René (1860–1945) (see COLOUR PLATE 97)

entry |1 pages

Lamp, enamelling at the

entry |1 pages

La Tène (see also Celtic Enamels)

entry |2 pages

Laudin, family of enamel painters of Limoges

entry |2 pages

Le Grand Roy, Henry (1851–1914)

entry |1 pages

Liberty of London

entry |1 pages

Limburg an der Lahn, Reliquary of

entry |3 pages

Limoges champlevé enamels of the medieval period (see COLOUR PLATE 44)

entry |3 pages

Limoges School Painting (see COLOUR PLATES 56, 79 and 80)

entry |2 pages

Limoges School Revival: 19th century (see COLOUR PLATE 57)

entry |1 pages

Limosin, Léonard I (Limousin) (b. c. 1505–77) (see COLOUR PLATE 58)

entry |2 pages

Liquid enamel

entry |1 pages

Liquid metals used for enamelling

entry |1 pages

Lustres/metallic lustres

chapter |14 pages

M

entry |1 pages

McCabe McCarty, London

entry |1 pages

Mappin & Webb

entry |1 pages

Marty, Alexandre (1876–1943)

entry |1 pages

Matt finish

entry |2 pages

Medieval champlevé in Western Europe

entry |2 pages

Mérode Cup, The

entry |3 pages

Metals for enamelling

entry |1 pages

Meyer, Alfred (1832–1904)

entry |2 pages

Michaelides, Panicos E. (b. 1924) (see COLOUR PLATE 61)

entry |1 pages

Mill additions

entry |1 pages

Millefiori glass (Mosaic glass)

entry |1 pages

Millenet of Geneva

entry |1 pages

Milling

entry |2 pages

Mills, Ernestine (née Bell) (1871–1959)

entry |3 pages

Miniatures (enamels) (see COLOUR PLATES 67, 74 and 82)

entry |3 pages

Modern enamels and their origins (see also MODERN MATERIALS) (see COLOUR PLATES 62, 64, 66 and 67)

entry |2 pages

Modern materials for enamelling on metal: summary

entry |1 pages

Mosan School enamels

entry |2 pages

Moser, Georg Michael (1704–83)

entry |1 pages

Mudd, Alan (see COLOUR PLATE 65)

entry |1 pages

Muffle arch

entry |1 pages

Muss, Charles (1779–c. 1824)

entry |2 pages

Mycenaean enamels (1450–1100 BC)

chapter |2 pages

N

entry |1 pages

Netherlandish enamels: 15th century

entry |1 pages

Nicolas/Nicolaus of Verdun (working in 1181–c. 1205)

entry |1 pages

Nitric acid

entry |2 pages

Nouailher (Noylier) family of Limoges

chapter |4 pages

O

entry |1 pages

Oil for painting enamels

entry |2 pages

Opaline/opal/opalescent enamels (see COLOUR PLATE 69)

entry |1 pages

Opaque enamel

entry |2 pages

Opera glasses, enamelled

entry |1 pages

Orleans Master/Orleans Triptych Workshop (active end of 15th century)

entry |2 pages

Orvieto, Reliquary of (see COLOUR PLATE 98)

entry |1 pages

Overglaze colours

chapter |12 pages

P

entry |2 pages

Paillons (see COLOUR PLATE 68)

entry |1 pages

Pala d'Oro, Venice (see COLOUR PLATE 95)

entry |2 pages

Paris enamels

entry |1 pages

Paste

entry |1 pages

Pénicaud family

entry |3 pages

Persian enamels

entry |1 pages

Petitot, Jean (1607–91) (see COLOUR PLATES 72 and 73)

entry |1 pages

Pforzheim

entry |1 pages

Phillips, Robert (1810–81)

entry |1 pages

Philostratus (writing c. AD 200–240)

entry |2 pages

Photographic transfer to enamel

entry |2 pages

Pickling

entry |1 pages

Pierreries (see COLOUR PLATE 52)

entry |1 pages

Pin-holes

entry |3 pages

Plique-à-jour (Plique à jour)/Window enamel (see COLOUR PLATE 85)

entry |1 pages

Pointillist painting/Pointillé (see COLOUR PLATE 75)

entry |1 pages

Polishing

entry |2 pages

Popelin, Claudius (active 1865–90)

entry |1 pages

Poussièlgue-Rusand

entry |1 pages

Pugin, A.W.N. (1812–52)

entry |1 pages

Putty powder

chapter |8 pages

R

entry |1 pages

Ramsden, Omar (1873–1939)

entry |1 pages

Ratzersdorfer, Hermann (19th century)

entry |1 pages

Renaissance period enamels and Renaissance revival styles (see COLOUR PLATE 76)

entry |2 pages

Reymond family (Raymond, Ramond, Raimond, Rexmond)

entry |1 pages

Rhenish School (12th century) (see COLOUR PLATE 92)

entry |1 pages

Rich, Fred (workshop established in 1981) (see COLOUR PLATE 78)

entry |1 pages

Richet, Eugène (working from the 1860s–d. before 1889)

entry |1 pages

Richter, Jean-Louis (1766–1841)

entry |1 pages

Riquet, Alexander (working early 20th century)

entry |1 pages

Romano-British jewellery and artefacts (see COLOUR PLATE 47)

entry |4 pages

Ronde bosse (Email en ronde bosse)/Enamelling on high relief (see COLOUR PLATES 45 and 46)

entry |1 pages

Rose engine

entry |1 pages

Royal Gold Cup (c. 1380–90) (see COLOUR PLATE 100)

entry |3 pages

Russian enamels (see COLOUR PLATE 70)

chapter |9 pages

S

entry |1 pages

Saint Stephen's Crown of Hungary (see COLOUR PLATE 99)

entry |1 pages

Sampson Mordan & Co. (S. Mordan & Co. Ltd)

entry |2 pages

Samson et Cie

entry |1 pages

Screening for enamelling (Silk-screening – Nylon-mesh screening)

entry |1 pages

Scrolling/swirling

entry |1 pages

Seeler, Margaret Rosa (c. 1909–96) (see COLOUR PLATE 60)

entry |1 pages

Seldon, Keith (working from 1970s)

entry |1 pages

Separation enamel

entry |1 pages

Sezenius, Valentin (active 1619–25)

entry |1 pages

Sgraffito

entry |2 pages

Signs, enamelled (signage) (see COLOUR PLATE 50)

entry |1 pages

Silica

entry |2 pages

Silver

entry |1 pages

Skan

entry |1 pages

Slush enamels

entry |2 pages

Snuff boxes – 17th and 18th centuries (see COLOUR PLATES 42 and 84)

entry |1 pages

Soldering for enamelling

entry |1 pages

Solvychegodsk (formerly Usolsk), Russia

entry |1 pages

Soper family

entry |1 pages

Soyer of Paris (19th century)

entry |1 pages

Soyer/Emaux Soyer

entry |1 pages

Spalling

entry |1 pages

Spicer, Henry (1743–1804)

entry |1 pages

Spraying

entry |1 pages

Staffordshire enamels

entry |1 pages

Stavelot, Abbey of (Belgium)

entry |2 pages

Stencilling/stencils

entry |1 pages

Stoning (grinding of glaze)

entry |1 pages

Supports (see also FIRING FIXTURES)

entry |1 pages

Surrey enamels

chapter |7 pages

T

entry |2 pages

Taille d'epargne (Taille d'espargne)

entry |1 pages

Thesmar, Fernand (1843–1912) (see COLOUR PLATE 77)

entry |1 pages

Thompson Enamel

entry |1 pages

Threads, enamel

entry |2 pages

Tiffany Studios

entry |2 pages

Timofeev, Valeri (b. 1941) (see COLOUR PLATE 86)

entry |1 pages

Tissot, James (Jacques-Joseph) (1836–1902)

entry |1 pages

Tombac

entry |1 pages

Torch, firing with

entry |2 pages

Tostrup Workshop, Norway

entry |1 pages

Toutin family of enamel painters

entry |2 pages

Toye, Kenning & Spencer Ltd

entry |1 pages

Translucent or transparent enamel (see ENAMEL: COLOURS AND THEIR QUALITIES)

entry |1 pages

Traquair, Phoebe (1852–1936)

entry |1 pages

Trial or sample plates/colour tests

entry |1 pages

Tsereteli, Zurab (b. 1934)

chapter |2 pages

U

entry |1 pages

Ugolino di Vieri (working 1329–80; d. before 1385)

entry |1 pages

Uranium, contained in enamels

entry |1 pages

Usolsk (subsequently Solvychegodsk), Russia

chapter |4 pages

V

entry |1 pages

Van Cleef & Arpels

entry |1 pages

Vanity cases, enamelled

entry |1 pages

Vasters, Reinhold (1827–1902/9)

entry |2 pages

Venetian enamels

entry |1 pages

Vever, Henri (1854–1942)

entry |1 pages

Viennese enamels

entry |1 pages

Vilasís, Andreu (b. 1934) (see COLOUR PLATE 59)

entry |1 pages

Vitreous Enamellers, Institute of

entry |2 pages

Vitrifiable pigments

chapter |5 pages

W

entry |1 pages

Warping/metal distortion

entry |1 pages

Wartski of London (Wartski of Llandudno)

entry |3 pages

Watches (see COLOUR PLATES 35, 88 and 90)

entry |2 pages

Weininger, Salomon (1822–79)

entry |1 pages

Wet inlay/wet packing/wet charging

entry |1 pages

Wet process

entry |1 pages

Wiener Werkstätte, Vienna

entry |1 pages

Wilson, Henry (1864–1934) (see COLOUR PLATE 63)

entry |1 pages

Winchester

entry |2 pages

Winter, Edward (working 1934–after 1970)

chapter |1 pages

Z

entry |1 pages

Zarf (see COLOUR PLATE 34)

entry |1 pages

Zincke (Zinck), Christian Friedrich/Christian Frederick (1683/4–1767) (see COLOUR PLATE 28)