ABSTRACT

Debates over relativism are as old as philosophy itself. Since the late nineteenth century, relativism has also been a controversial topic in many of the social and cultural sciences. And yet, relativism has not been a central topic of research in the history of philosophy or the history of the social sciences. This collection seeks to remedy this situation by studying the emergence of modern forms of relativism as they unfolded in the German lands during the "long nineteenth century"—from the Enlightenment to National Socialism. It focuses on relativist and anti-relativist ideas and arguments in four contexts: history, science, epistemology, and politics.

The Emergence of Relativism will be of interest to those studying nineteenth- and twentieth-century philosophy, German idealism, and history and philosophy of science, as well as those in related disciplines such as sociology and anthropology.

part I|4 pages

History

chapter 1|17 pages

Hieroglyphic historicism

Herder’s and Ranke’s theology of history

chapter 2|17 pages

The history of philosophy and the puzzles of life

Windelband and Dilthey on the ahistorical core of philosophical thinking

chapter 3|15 pages

Hermeneutic responses to relativism

Gadamer and the historicist tradition

part II|4 pages

Science

chapter 5|15 pages

Physical or philosophical?

Mach and Einstein on being a relativist

chapter 6|17 pages

Husserl on relativism

chapter 7|17 pages

“Open systems” and anti-relativism

Anti-relativist strategies in psychological discourses around 1900

part III|4 pages

Epistemology

chapter 8|18 pages

Knowledge and affect

Perspectivism reconsidered

chapter 11|15 pages

Was Heidegger a relativist?

part IV|4 pages

Politics

chapter 12|15 pages

Unity and diversity

Herder, relativism, and pluralism

chapter 13|17 pages

Socializing knowledge and historicizing society

Marx and Engels and the manuscripts of 1845–1846