ABSTRACT

Historians have long realized the US civil rights movement pre-dated Martin Luther King Jr., but they disagree on where, when and why it started. Laboured Protest offers new answers in a study of black political protest during the New Deal and Second World War. It finds a diverse movement where activists from the left operated alongside, and often in competition with, others who signed up to liberal or nationalist political platforms. Protestors in this period often struggled to challenge the different types of discrimination facing black workers, but their energetic campaigning was part of a more complex, and ultimately more interesting, movement than previously thought.

chapter |23 pages

Introduction

chapter 2|40 pages

When ‘Poems Became Placards’

Black Protest in 1930s New York City

chapter 4|33 pages

‘Getting a Grand Runaround by Management, Government and the Union’

The Shifting Contours of Employment Discrimination in Wartime

chapter 6|41 pages

A Tale of Two Committees

Black Protest in Wartime New York City

chapter |9 pages

Conclusion

Civil Rights Activism in the Era of Laboured Protest