ABSTRACT

Economic Principles and Problems: A Pluralistic Introduction offers a comprehensive introduction to the major perspectives in modern economics, including mainstream and heterodox approaches. Through providing multiple views of markets and how they work, it leaves readers better able to understand and analyze the complex behaviors of consumers, firms, and government officials, as well as the likely impact of a variety of economic events and policies.

Most principles of economics textbooks cover only mainstream economics, ignoring rich heterodox ideas. They also lack material on the great economists, including the important ideas of Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Thorstein Veblen, John Maynard Keynes, and Friedrich Hayek. Mainstream books tend to neglect the kind of historical analysis that is crucial to understanding trends that help us predict the future. Moreover, they focus primarily on abstract models more than existing economic realities. This engaging book addresses these inadequacies. Including explicit coverage of mainstream economics and the major heterodox schools of economic thought—institutionalists, feminists, radical political economists, post-Keynesians, Austrians, and social economists—it allows the reader to choose which ideas they find most compelling in explaining modern economic realities.

Written in an engaging style and focused on real-world examples, this textbook brings economics to life. Multiple examples of how each economic model works, coupled with critical analysis of the assumptions behind them, enable students to develop a sophisticated understanding of the material. Digital supplements are also available for students and instructors. Economic Principles and Problems offers the most contemporary and complete package for any pluralist economics class.

part I|42 pages

Economics

chapter 1|19 pages

What is economics?

The answer depends on who you ask

chapter 2|21 pages

Scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost

The mainstream approach, the PPC model, the limits of this approach, and the importance of institutions

part II|130 pages

The evolution of economic ideas and systems

chapter 3|23 pages

The evolution of pre-capitalist economic systems

From communal societies to empires, feudalism, and mercantilism

chapter 4|18 pages

Adam Smith and the rise of capitalism

The era of laissez-faire

chapter 5|19 pages

Karl Marx and the dark ages of capitalism

Historical materialism, surplus value, and the exploitation of labor

chapter 6|21 pages

Thorstein Veblen and monopoly capitalism

The rise of manufacturing and the fall of laissez-faire

chapter 7|25 pages

Keynes and mixed market capitalism

How to save capitalism from itself

chapter 8|22 pages

Modern economic systems

Market-dominated, social market, and state-dominated economies

part III|90 pages

Markets, supply and demand

chapter 9|32 pages

Markets and how they work

The institutional foundations of markets and the supply and demand model

chapter 10|32 pages

Applications of supply and demand

Wages, advertising, price floors and ceilings, excise taxes and subsidies, consumer and producer surplus, and elasticity

chapter 11|24 pages

Consumer and supplier behavior

The complexities of market analysis

part IV|154 pages

Market structures and corporations

chapter 12|24 pages

Different types of market structures

And how they affect market outcomes

chapter 14|25 pages

Perfect competition and competitive markets

The perfect, Smithian market structure

chapter 15|23 pages

Monopoly and monopoly power

Natural and nonnatural monopolies and how the government regulates them

chapter 16|16 pages

Monopolistic competition

The market for local services and other easy-to-enter industries with unique products

chapter 17|20 pages

Oligopoly and strategic behavior

The nature of large firm competition and an introduction to game theory

chapter 18|20 pages

Corporations and their role in society

The good and bad sides of limited liability corporations

part V|82 pages

Government intervention in microeconomic markets

chapter 19|31 pages

Market failure and government failure

The primary role for government in microeconomic markets

chapter 20|22 pages

The economics of the environment and climate change

A key issue of our time

chapter 21|27 pages

Public goods and services

Do we have the right balance of public and private goods and services?

part VI|66 pages

Labor markets and inequality

chapter 22|34 pages

Working for a living

The labor market and the forces that affect your working life

chapter 23|30 pages

Inequality, a key modern issue

Class, race, gender, and distribution

part VII|92 pages

Macroeconomic issues and problems

chapter 24|28 pages

Modern macro­econo­mics

The evolution of macroeconomic theory and the macroeconomy in the modern era

chapter 25|27 pages

Macro­eco­nomic well-being

Measuring and describing the macroeconomy

chapter 26|35 pages

Unemploy­ment and price instability

The major macroeconomic market failures

part VIII|60 pages

Macroeconomic models

chapter 27|28 pages

Aggregate demand and aggregate supply

A mainstream economics model of the macroeconomy

chapter 28|30 pages

The Keyne­sian aggregate expenditure model

The foundation of modern macroeconomics

part IX|116 pages

Stabilization policy

chapter 29|38 pages

Fiscal policy, debt, and deficits

Fiscal activism vs. austerity and the macroeconomic role of government

chapter 30|28 pages

Money, banking, and the financial sector

How money markets make the world go around

chapter 31|21 pages

Monetary policy

The role of central banks in stabilizing economies and regulating financial markets

chapter 32|27 pages

Crises, financial and otherwise

On the causes and consequences of economic crises and how they can be averted

part X|92 pages

Growth and global interconnectedness

chapter 33|27 pages

The sources of economic growth

chapter 34|32 pages

International trade and integration

How unregulated trade, protectionism, and trade agreements affect economies

chapter 35|31 pages

International finance and open economy macroeco­nomics

Exchange rates, financial flows, and the balance of payments