ABSTRACT

First published in 1982, this study explores the dynamics of class formation during the vital decades between 1830 and 1914, when a rising urban industrial order was developing in complex interdependence with a declining rural agrarian order.

The book follows the divergent paths of two cities - Birmingham and Sheffield – in their social development. These paths reflect the complex process of conflict and compromise as the ‘old’ order was gradually replaced by the ‘new’. It studies in detail many aspects of social life that were affected by these changes such as education, public administration, political structures, public administration, religion, the professions, popular culture and family.

This book will be of interest to those studying Victorian history and sociology.

chapter Chapter 1|19 pages

‘But here the Towns are’:

The Challenge to the Old Order in English Society 1830–70

chapter Chapter 2|29 pages

Between Neighbourhood and Nation

The Framework of Social Differentiation in Birmingham and Sheffield 1830–70

chapter Chapter 4|25 pages

From Conflict to Equipoise

Political, Industrial and Religious Conflict in Birmingham and Sheffield 1830–64

chapter Chapter 5|33 pages

‘The Training up of Well-Educated, Sober, Loyal and Obedient Servants’

Elementary and Secondary Education in Birmingham and Sheffield 1830–70

chapter Chapter 6|23 pages

Mechanics and Medical Men

Adult Education and Medical Schools in Birmingham and Sheffield 1830–70

chapter Chapter 7|31 pages

‘Old Fashioned Ideas and Customs’

The Attack on Closed Corporations in Birmingham and Sheffield 1864–70

chapter Chapter 8|17 pages

Mastering our Educators

Towards a National Education System 1830–95

chapter Chapter 9|17 pages

‘A Noisy Street in the Middle of a Smoky Town’

Elementary, Secondary and Higher Education in Birmingham and Sheffield 1870–95

chapter Chapter 10|23 pages

Coalescence, Conflict and Compromise

Industry, Education and Local Government in Birmingham and Sheffield 1870–1914

chapter Chapter 11|16 pages

‘A Serious Danger to the Upper Classes’

Summary and Conclusion