Battles Over Free Trade, Volume 2 | The Consolidation of Free Trade, 1

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Battles Over Free Trade, Volume 2

ABSTRACT

After the collapse of the Doha Development Round of the World Trade Organization talks, agricultural subsidies and market liberalization went high on the political agenda. This work features historical documents that address the thorny relationship between trade and politics, the appropriate role of international regulation, and domestic concerns.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

part 1|7 pages

The Decline of Protectionism in Britain, 1846–52

part 1|1 pages

Defeat of Protectionism in Britain

chapter 1|4 pages

John Lewis Ricardo, The Anatomy of the Navigation Laws (London: C. Gilpin, 1847), pp. 213–17, 220–2.

chapter 2|1 pages

John Charles Herries to George Frederick Young, [8?] January 1849, Herries Papers, BL, Add. MS 57423, fols 104–6.

chapter 3|4 pages

‘Protection Disinterred’, Economist, 7:289 (10 March 1849), pp. 254–5.

chapter 4|2 pages

Lord Stanhope to G. F. Young, 29 May 1849, Young Papers, BL, Add. MS 46712, fols 97–8.

chapter 5|1 pages

Lord Stanhope to G. F. Young, 8 June 1849, Young Papers, BL, Add. MS 46712, fols 99–100.

chapter 6|2 pages

Minutes of a Special Meeting of the Acting Committee of the National Association for the Protection of British Industry and Capital, 15 October 1849, at the London Tavern, Chaired by G. F. Young, Herries Papers, BL, Add. MS 57423, fols 143–4, enclosed in G. F. Young to Benjamin Disraeli (copy), 17 October 1849, fols 145–6.

chapter 7|1 pages

J. C. Herries to G. F. Young, 15 November 1849, Herries Papers, BL, Add. MS 57423, fols 147–8.

chapter 8|8 pages

Free Thoughts on Free Trade (London: John Ollivier, 1852), pp. 18–27.

chapter 9|2 pages

Notice of Anti-Corn Law League Meeting, Economist, 10:445 (6 March 1852), p. 276.

chapter 10|6 pages

Henry Ashworth, Recollections of Richard Cobden and the Anti-Corn-Law League (London: Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1877), pp. 347–57.

part 2|1 pages

Ramifications of Free Trade

chapter 11|2 pages

Arbitration Instead of War (London: Peace Society, 1848).

chapter 12|3 pages

Richard Cobden, Speech on ‘Free Trade and Peace’ at Newton, Proposing Henry for South Lancashire, Manchester Times and Gazette, 21 December 1847.

chapter 13|1 pages

‘Peace on Earth – Good Will Towards Men’, Manchester Times, 8 January 1848.

chapter 14|5 pages

Alexander Alison, Universal Free Trade, by Means of a Property, Income and Wages Tax (London: James Ridgway, 1852), pp. 54–64.

chapter 15|1 pages

Sir James Graham to W. E. Gladstone, 13 November 1852, Gladstone Papers, BL, Add. MS 44740, fols 167–70.

chapter 16|1 pages

Sir James Graham to W. E. Gladstone, 19 November 1852, Gladstone Papers, BL, Add. MS 44163, fols 64–5.

part 2|5 pages

The Diffusion of Free Trade Abroad, 1847–60

part 3|1 pages

Promoters and Opponents

chapter 17|1 pages

Richard Cobden to Marco Minghetti, 21 May 1847, Minghetti Papers, Bibliotecha comunale dell’ Archiginnasio, Bologna.

chapter 18|10 pages

Richard Cobden, Speeches in Europe, in Reminiscences of Richard Cobden, compiled Julie Salis Schwabe (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1895), pp. 13–16, 30–4, 44–5, 48–53, 62–5.

chapter 19|6 pages

‘Congress of Political Economists at Brussels’, Economist, 5:211 (11 September 1847), pp. 1048–9.

chapter 20|3 pages

Free Trade Meeting at Marseilles, Economist, 5:211 (11 September 1847), pp. 1050–1.

chapter 21|1 pages

Richard Cobden to Michel Chevalier, 22 March 1851 (copy), Cobden Papers, West Sussex Record Office, CP 290, fols 271–3.

chapter 22|8 pages

Michel Chevalier in Dionysus Lardner, The Great Exhibition and London in 1851 (London: Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1852), pp. 560–72.

chapter 23|19 pages

Speech of M. Thiers on the Commercial Policy of France and in Opposition to the Introduction of Free Trade into France, 27 June 1851, trans. M. de Saint Felix (London: Ollivier, 1852), pp. 3–14, 15–19, 47–59, 67–8.

chapter 24|7 pages

Henry Dunckley, The Charter of the Nations: or, Free Trade and its Results (London: W. & F. G. Cash, 1854), pp. 160–2, 412–21.

chapter 25|9 pages

The Abortive Anglo-French Commercial Treaty of 1852, 19 February 1853, PRO, FO 881/551, fols 81, 85.

chapter 26|3 pages

American-Canadian Reciprocity Treaty of 1854, Despatch from Lord Lyons to Russell, 28 February 1862, Parliamentary Papers (1862), [2993], lxii.839, pp. 841–2, 844, 862.

chapter 27|2 pages

Lord Clarendon to Lord Palmerston, 20 April 1856, PRO, FO 27/1169.

chapter 28|6 pages

Cardwell Memorandum on Commercial Policy towards Russia, 29 October 1854, PRO, 30/29/23/4, fols 181–8.

part 3|6 pages

The Anglo-French Commercial Treaty of 1860 and the Treaty System

part 4|1 pages

Anglo-French Commercial Treaty

chapter 29|4 pages

Michel Chevalier, The History of Political Economy Taught by the History of the Freedom of Labour to which is added an Account of the Negociation of the Commercial Treaty between France and England, trans. William Bellingham (London: Effingham Wilson, 1869), pp. 44–8.

chapter 30|5 pages

Richard Cobden to John Bright, 16 January 1860, Cobden Papers, BL, Add. MS 43651, fols 60–7.

chapter 31|1 pages

Richard Cobden to Arlés Dufour, 10 August 1860, Cobden Papers, British Library, Add MS. 43666, fols 224–5.

chapter 32|7 pages

H. Reader Lack, The French Treaty and Tariff of 1860; with an Historical Sketch of the Past Commercial Legislation of France (Philadelphia, PA: Collins, 1861), pp. 9–19, 22.

chapter 33|3 pages

‘Commercial Treaties and Free Trade’, Economist, 18:857 (28 January 1860), pp. 85–6.

chapter 34|5 pages

Robert Andrew Macfie, ‘Notes on the French Treaty’, Liverpool Daily Post, 16 February 1860, in R. A. Macfie, Cries in a Crisis for Statesmanship Popular and Patriotic to Test and Contest Free-Trade in our Manufactures, 2nd edn (London: Edward Stanford, 1881), pp. 66–70.

chapter 35|5 pages

George Frederick Young, The French Treaty, a Mockery, a Delusion, and a Snare (London: Richardson Brothers, 1860).

part 5|1 pages

Treaty System and Promotion of Free Trade

chapter 36|1 pages

Richard Cobden to E. A. Billeroche, 12 September 1861, Cobden Papers, West Sussex Record Office, CP 6, fol. 91

chapter 37|4 pages

‘Memorandum on the Commercial Policy of European States and British Trade’ (1879), PRO, FO 881/3834.

chapter 38|8 pages

Henry Charles Carey, The French and American Tariffs Compared in a Series of Letters to Chevalier (Philadelphia, PA: Collins, 1861), pp. 21–9.

chapter 39|9 pages

[R. Morier], Commercial Treaties: Free Trade and Internationalism: Four Letters Reprinted from the ‘Manchester Examiner and Times’ by a Disciple of Richard Cobden (London: MacMillan & Co., 1870), pp. 13–30.

chapter 40|11 pages

‘Commercial Treaty with Austria’ (1866), PRO, CAB 1/1.

chapter 41|5 pages

Louis Mallet, Memorandum on Modifications of the Anglo French Treaty, 19 August 1871, PRO, FO 24/2/72.

chapter 42|17 pages

C. M. Kennedy, ‘Treaties of Commerce with, and between, European Powers, with Especial Reference to the Trade of the United Kingdom’ (1875), PRO, FO 881/2670.

part 4|6 pages

Free Trade Under Threat, 1870–9

part 6|1 pages

Britain, Europe, and the United States

chapter 43|5 pages

Manifesto of the Association of’Revivers’ of British Industry (London: Lewis & Co. Steam Printing Works, [1869]).

chapter 44|13 pages

Kuklos [pseud., John Harris], The Commercial Policy of England in 1877: A Letter to the Public (London: John Harris, 1877).

chapter 45|3 pages

J. Slagg ‘The Commercial Treaty with France’, Fortnightly Review, 27 (1877), pp. 389–91.

chapter 46|5 pages

William Bateman Hanbury, Lord Bateman’s Plea for Limited Protection, or, for Reciprocity in Free Trade (London: William Ridgway, 1877).

chapter 47|8 pages

W. Farrer Ecroyd, The Policy of Self Help: Suggestions towards the Consolidation of the Empire and the Defence of its Industries and Commerce. Two Letters (London: Hamilton, Adams, 1879), pp. i–v, 1–6.

chapter 48|13 pages

Sir Louis Mallet, Reciprocity: A Letter Addressed to Mr. Thomas Bayley Potter MP (London, Paris and New York: Cassell Petter & Galpin, 1879).

chapter 49|29 pages

Free Trade and the European Treaties ofCommerce (London: Cobden Club, 1875), pp. 74–86, 88–106, 112–22.

part 7|1 pages

The Colonial World

chapter 50|10 pages

Cosmopolite, Free Trade and No Colonies. A Letter Addressed to Lord John Russell (Edinburgh and London: Blackwood & Sons, 1848).

chapter 51|4 pages

John Dunmore Lang, Freedom and Independence for the Golden Lands of Australia (London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, 1852), pp. 248–53.

chapter 52|7 pages

George Ward Cole, Protection as a National System Suited for Victoria: Being Extracts from List’s National System of Political Economy (Melbourne: George Robertson, 1860), pp. 30–5.

chapter 53|4 pages

Henry Ashworth, ‘Our Colonies: Their Commerce and their Cost’, a paper read at the Meeting of the Society of Arts, 26 March 1862, in Henry Ashworth, Pamphlets and Other Papers by (Manchester: William Irwin, 1872), pp. 10–11, 15–16, 19, 23.

chapter 54|10 pages

George Reid, Five Free Trade Essays (Melbourne: Gordon and Gotch, 1875), foreword, pp. 67–75.

chapter 55|4 pages

Letters of Henry Parkes, George H. Reid and Gower Evans, in Free Trade and the European Treaties of Commerce (London: Cobden Club, 1875), pp. 106–11.

chapter 56|2 pages

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