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What If There Were No Significance Tests?
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What If There Were No Significance Tests?

Classic Edition

What If There Were No Significance Tests?

Classic Edition

Edited ByLisa L. Harlow, Stanley A. Mulaik, James H. Steiger
Edition 1st Edition
First Published 2016
eBook Published 2 March 2016
Pub. location New York
Imprint Routledge
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4324/9781315629049
Pages 444 pages
eBook ISBN 9781317242857
SubjectsBehavioral Sciences, Development Studies, Environment, Social Work, Urban Studies, Economics, Finance, Business & Industry, Education, Health and Social Care, Mathematics & Statistics, Research Methods, Social Sciences
Get Citation

Get Citation

Harlow, L. (Ed.), Mulaik, S. (Ed.), Steiger, J. (Ed.). (2016). What If There Were No Significance Tests?. New York: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315629049
ABOUT THIS BOOK

The classic edition of What If There Were No Significance Tests? highlights current statistical inference practices. Four areas are featured as essential for making inferences: sound judgment, meaningful research questions, relevant design, and assessing fit in multiple ways. Other options (data visualization, replication or meta-analysis), other features (mediation, moderation, multiple levels or classes), and other approaches (Bayesian analysis, simulation, data mining, qualitative inquiry) are also suggested.

The Classic Edition’s new Introduction demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the topic and the charge to move away from an exclusive focus on NHST, along with new methods to help make significance testing more accessible to a wider body of researchers to improve our ability to make more accurate statistical inferences. Part 1 presents an overview of significance testing issues. The next part discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third part outlines various methods that may supplement significance testing procedures. Part 4 discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The book concludes with philosophy of science perspectives.

Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading. Ideal for use as a supplement for graduate courses in statistics or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences, the book also benefits independent researchers in the behavioral and social sciences and those who teach statistics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
part |2 pages
Overview
chapter 1|16 pages
Significance Testing Introduction and Overview
ByLisa L. Harlow
View abstract
part |2 pages
The Debate: Against and For Signifi cance Testing
chapter 2|14 pages
The Earth Is Round (p < .05)
ByJacob Cohen
View abstract
chapter 3|26 pages
Eight Common but False Objections to the Discontinuation of Significance Testing in the Analysis of Research Data
View abstract
chapter 4|46 pages
There Is a Time and a Place for Significance Testing
ByStanley A. Mulaik, Nambury S. Raju, Richard A. Harshman
View abstract
chapter 5|22 pages
A Retrospective on the Significance Test Ban of 1999 (If There Were No Significance Tests, They Would Be Invented)
View abstract
part |2 pages
Suggested Alternatives to Significance Testing
chapter 6|28 pages
Reforming Significance Testing via Three-Valued Logic
ByRichard J. Harris
View abstract
chapter 7|20 pages
A Case Study in the Failure of Psychology as a Cumulative Science: The Spontaneous Recovery of Verbal Learning
View abstract
chapter 8|18 pages
Goodness of Approximation in the Linear Model
ByRoderick P. McDonald
View abstract
chapter 9|34 pages
Noncentrality Interval Estimation and the Evaluation of Statistical Models
View abstract
chapter 10|24 pages
When Confidence Intervals Should Be Used Instead of Statistical Tests, and Vice Versa
View abstract
part |2 pages
A Bayesian Perspective on Hypothesis Testing
chapter 11|30 pages
An Introduction to Bayesian Inference and Its Applications
ByRobert M. Pruzek
View abstract
chapter 12|12 pages
Testing “Small,” not Null, Hypotheses: Classical and Bayesian Approaches
View abstract
part |2 pages
Philosophy of Science Issues
chapter 13|52 pages
Good Science Is Abductive, not Hypothetico-Deductive
ByWilliam W. Rozeboom
View abstract
chapter 14|30 pages
The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions
View abstract

The classic edition of What If There Were No Significance Tests? highlights current statistical inference practices. Four areas are featured as essential for making inferences: sound judgment, meaningful research questions, relevant design, and assessing fit in multiple ways. Other options (data visualization, replication or meta-analysis), other features (mediation, moderation, multiple levels or classes), and other approaches (Bayesian analysis, simulation, data mining, qualitative inquiry) are also suggested.

The Classic Edition’s new Introduction demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the topic and the charge to move away from an exclusive focus on NHST, along with new methods to help make significance testing more accessible to a wider body of researchers to improve our ability to make more accurate statistical inferences. Part 1 presents an overview of significance testing issues. The next part discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third part outlines various methods that may supplement significance testing procedures. Part 4 discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The book concludes with philosophy of science perspectives.

Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading. Ideal for use as a supplement for graduate courses in statistics or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences, the book also benefits independent researchers in the behavioral and social sciences and those who teach statistics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
part |2 pages
Overview
chapter 1|16 pages
Significance Testing Introduction and Overview
ByLisa L. Harlow
View abstract
part |2 pages
The Debate: Against and For Signifi cance Testing
chapter 2|14 pages
The Earth Is Round (p < .05)
ByJacob Cohen
View abstract
chapter 3|26 pages
Eight Common but False Objections to the Discontinuation of Significance Testing in the Analysis of Research Data
View abstract
chapter 4|46 pages
There Is a Time and a Place for Significance Testing
ByStanley A. Mulaik, Nambury S. Raju, Richard A. Harshman
View abstract
chapter 5|22 pages
A Retrospective on the Significance Test Ban of 1999 (If There Were No Significance Tests, They Would Be Invented)
View abstract
part |2 pages
Suggested Alternatives to Significance Testing
chapter 6|28 pages
Reforming Significance Testing via Three-Valued Logic
ByRichard J. Harris
View abstract
chapter 7|20 pages
A Case Study in the Failure of Psychology as a Cumulative Science: The Spontaneous Recovery of Verbal Learning
View abstract
chapter 8|18 pages
Goodness of Approximation in the Linear Model
ByRoderick P. McDonald
View abstract
chapter 9|34 pages
Noncentrality Interval Estimation and the Evaluation of Statistical Models
View abstract
chapter 10|24 pages
When Confidence Intervals Should Be Used Instead of Statistical Tests, and Vice Versa
View abstract
part |2 pages
A Bayesian Perspective on Hypothesis Testing
chapter 11|30 pages
An Introduction to Bayesian Inference and Its Applications
ByRobert M. Pruzek
View abstract
chapter 12|12 pages
Testing “Small,” not Null, Hypotheses: Classical and Bayesian Approaches
View abstract
part |2 pages
Philosophy of Science Issues
chapter 13|52 pages
Good Science Is Abductive, not Hypothetico-Deductive
ByWilliam W. Rozeboom
View abstract
chapter 14|30 pages
The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions
View abstract
CONTENTS
ABOUT THIS BOOK

The classic edition of What If There Were No Significance Tests? highlights current statistical inference practices. Four areas are featured as essential for making inferences: sound judgment, meaningful research questions, relevant design, and assessing fit in multiple ways. Other options (data visualization, replication or meta-analysis), other features (mediation, moderation, multiple levels or classes), and other approaches (Bayesian analysis, simulation, data mining, qualitative inquiry) are also suggested.

The Classic Edition’s new Introduction demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the topic and the charge to move away from an exclusive focus on NHST, along with new methods to help make significance testing more accessible to a wider body of researchers to improve our ability to make more accurate statistical inferences. Part 1 presents an overview of significance testing issues. The next part discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third part outlines various methods that may supplement significance testing procedures. Part 4 discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The book concludes with philosophy of science perspectives.

Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading. Ideal for use as a supplement for graduate courses in statistics or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences, the book also benefits independent researchers in the behavioral and social sciences and those who teach statistics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
part |2 pages
Overview
chapter 1|16 pages
Significance Testing Introduction and Overview
ByLisa L. Harlow
View abstract
part |2 pages
The Debate: Against and For Signifi cance Testing
chapter 2|14 pages
The Earth Is Round (p < .05)
ByJacob Cohen
View abstract
chapter 3|26 pages
Eight Common but False Objections to the Discontinuation of Significance Testing in the Analysis of Research Data
View abstract
chapter 4|46 pages
There Is a Time and a Place for Significance Testing
ByStanley A. Mulaik, Nambury S. Raju, Richard A. Harshman
View abstract
chapter 5|22 pages
A Retrospective on the Significance Test Ban of 1999 (If There Were No Significance Tests, They Would Be Invented)
View abstract
part |2 pages
Suggested Alternatives to Significance Testing
chapter 6|28 pages
Reforming Significance Testing via Three-Valued Logic
ByRichard J. Harris
View abstract
chapter 7|20 pages
A Case Study in the Failure of Psychology as a Cumulative Science: The Spontaneous Recovery of Verbal Learning
View abstract
chapter 8|18 pages
Goodness of Approximation in the Linear Model
ByRoderick P. McDonald
View abstract
chapter 9|34 pages
Noncentrality Interval Estimation and the Evaluation of Statistical Models
View abstract
chapter 10|24 pages
When Confidence Intervals Should Be Used Instead of Statistical Tests, and Vice Versa
View abstract
part |2 pages
A Bayesian Perspective on Hypothesis Testing
chapter 11|30 pages
An Introduction to Bayesian Inference and Its Applications
ByRobert M. Pruzek
View abstract
chapter 12|12 pages
Testing “Small,” not Null, Hypotheses: Classical and Bayesian Approaches
View abstract
part |2 pages
Philosophy of Science Issues
chapter 13|52 pages
Good Science Is Abductive, not Hypothetico-Deductive
ByWilliam W. Rozeboom
View abstract
chapter 14|30 pages
The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions
View abstract

The classic edition of What If There Were No Significance Tests? highlights current statistical inference practices. Four areas are featured as essential for making inferences: sound judgment, meaningful research questions, relevant design, and assessing fit in multiple ways. Other options (data visualization, replication or meta-analysis), other features (mediation, moderation, multiple levels or classes), and other approaches (Bayesian analysis, simulation, data mining, qualitative inquiry) are also suggested.

The Classic Edition’s new Introduction demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the topic and the charge to move away from an exclusive focus on NHST, along with new methods to help make significance testing more accessible to a wider body of researchers to improve our ability to make more accurate statistical inferences. Part 1 presents an overview of significance testing issues. The next part discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third part outlines various methods that may supplement significance testing procedures. Part 4 discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The book concludes with philosophy of science perspectives.

Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading. Ideal for use as a supplement for graduate courses in statistics or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences, the book also benefits independent researchers in the behavioral and social sciences and those who teach statistics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
part |2 pages
Overview
chapter 1|16 pages
Significance Testing Introduction and Overview
ByLisa L. Harlow
View abstract
part |2 pages
The Debate: Against and For Signifi cance Testing
chapter 2|14 pages
The Earth Is Round (p < .05)
ByJacob Cohen
View abstract
chapter 3|26 pages
Eight Common but False Objections to the Discontinuation of Significance Testing in the Analysis of Research Data
View abstract
chapter 4|46 pages
There Is a Time and a Place for Significance Testing
ByStanley A. Mulaik, Nambury S. Raju, Richard A. Harshman
View abstract
chapter 5|22 pages
A Retrospective on the Significance Test Ban of 1999 (If There Were No Significance Tests, They Would Be Invented)
View abstract
part |2 pages
Suggested Alternatives to Significance Testing
chapter 6|28 pages
Reforming Significance Testing via Three-Valued Logic
ByRichard J. Harris
View abstract
chapter 7|20 pages
A Case Study in the Failure of Psychology as a Cumulative Science: The Spontaneous Recovery of Verbal Learning
View abstract
chapter 8|18 pages
Goodness of Approximation in the Linear Model
ByRoderick P. McDonald
View abstract
chapter 9|34 pages
Noncentrality Interval Estimation and the Evaluation of Statistical Models
View abstract
chapter 10|24 pages
When Confidence Intervals Should Be Used Instead of Statistical Tests, and Vice Versa
View abstract
part |2 pages
A Bayesian Perspective on Hypothesis Testing
chapter 11|30 pages
An Introduction to Bayesian Inference and Its Applications
ByRobert M. Pruzek
View abstract
chapter 12|12 pages
Testing “Small,” not Null, Hypotheses: Classical and Bayesian Approaches
View abstract
part |2 pages
Philosophy of Science Issues
chapter 13|52 pages
Good Science Is Abductive, not Hypothetico-Deductive
ByWilliam W. Rozeboom
View abstract
chapter 14|30 pages
The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions
View abstract
ABOUT THIS BOOK
ABOUT THIS BOOK

The classic edition of What If There Were No Significance Tests? highlights current statistical inference practices. Four areas are featured as essential for making inferences: sound judgment, meaningful research questions, relevant design, and assessing fit in multiple ways. Other options (data visualization, replication or meta-analysis), other features (mediation, moderation, multiple levels or classes), and other approaches (Bayesian analysis, simulation, data mining, qualitative inquiry) are also suggested.

The Classic Edition’s new Introduction demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the topic and the charge to move away from an exclusive focus on NHST, along with new methods to help make significance testing more accessible to a wider body of researchers to improve our ability to make more accurate statistical inferences. Part 1 presents an overview of significance testing issues. The next part discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third part outlines various methods that may supplement significance testing procedures. Part 4 discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The book concludes with philosophy of science perspectives.

Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading. Ideal for use as a supplement for graduate courses in statistics or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences, the book also benefits independent researchers in the behavioral and social sciences and those who teach statistics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
part |2 pages
Overview
chapter 1|16 pages
Significance Testing Introduction and Overview
ByLisa L. Harlow
View abstract
part |2 pages
The Debate: Against and For Signifi cance Testing
chapter 2|14 pages
The Earth Is Round (p < .05)
ByJacob Cohen
View abstract
chapter 3|26 pages
Eight Common but False Objections to the Discontinuation of Significance Testing in the Analysis of Research Data
View abstract
chapter 4|46 pages
There Is a Time and a Place for Significance Testing
ByStanley A. Mulaik, Nambury S. Raju, Richard A. Harshman
View abstract
chapter 5|22 pages
A Retrospective on the Significance Test Ban of 1999 (If There Were No Significance Tests, They Would Be Invented)
View abstract
part |2 pages
Suggested Alternatives to Significance Testing
chapter 6|28 pages
Reforming Significance Testing via Three-Valued Logic
ByRichard J. Harris
View abstract
chapter 7|20 pages
A Case Study in the Failure of Psychology as a Cumulative Science: The Spontaneous Recovery of Verbal Learning
View abstract
chapter 8|18 pages
Goodness of Approximation in the Linear Model
ByRoderick P. McDonald
View abstract
chapter 9|34 pages
Noncentrality Interval Estimation and the Evaluation of Statistical Models
View abstract
chapter 10|24 pages
When Confidence Intervals Should Be Used Instead of Statistical Tests, and Vice Versa
View abstract
part |2 pages
A Bayesian Perspective on Hypothesis Testing
chapter 11|30 pages
An Introduction to Bayesian Inference and Its Applications
ByRobert M. Pruzek
View abstract
chapter 12|12 pages
Testing “Small,” not Null, Hypotheses: Classical and Bayesian Approaches
View abstract
part |2 pages
Philosophy of Science Issues
chapter 13|52 pages
Good Science Is Abductive, not Hypothetico-Deductive
ByWilliam W. Rozeboom
View abstract
chapter 14|30 pages
The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions
View abstract

The classic edition of What If There Were No Significance Tests? highlights current statistical inference practices. Four areas are featured as essential for making inferences: sound judgment, meaningful research questions, relevant design, and assessing fit in multiple ways. Other options (data visualization, replication or meta-analysis), other features (mediation, moderation, multiple levels or classes), and other approaches (Bayesian analysis, simulation, data mining, qualitative inquiry) are also suggested.

The Classic Edition’s new Introduction demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the topic and the charge to move away from an exclusive focus on NHST, along with new methods to help make significance testing more accessible to a wider body of researchers to improve our ability to make more accurate statistical inferences. Part 1 presents an overview of significance testing issues. The next part discusses the debate in which significance testing should be rejected or retained. The third part outlines various methods that may supplement significance testing procedures. Part 4 discusses Bayesian approaches and methods and the use of confidence intervals versus significance tests. The book concludes with philosophy of science perspectives.

Rather than providing definitive prescriptions, the chapters are largely suggestive of general issues, concerns, and application guidelines. The editors allow readers to choose the best way to conduct hypothesis testing in their respective fields. For anyone doing research in the social sciences, this book is bound to become "must" reading. Ideal for use as a supplement for graduate courses in statistics or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, business, nursing, medicine, and the social sciences, the book also benefits independent researchers in the behavioral and social sciences and those who teach statistics.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
part |2 pages
Overview
chapter 1|16 pages
Significance Testing Introduction and Overview
ByLisa L. Harlow
View abstract
part |2 pages
The Debate: Against and For Signifi cance Testing
chapter 2|14 pages
The Earth Is Round (p < .05)
ByJacob Cohen
View abstract
chapter 3|26 pages
Eight Common but False Objections to the Discontinuation of Significance Testing in the Analysis of Research Data
View abstract
chapter 4|46 pages
There Is a Time and a Place for Significance Testing
ByStanley A. Mulaik, Nambury S. Raju, Richard A. Harshman
View abstract
chapter 5|22 pages
A Retrospective on the Significance Test Ban of 1999 (If There Were No Significance Tests, They Would Be Invented)
View abstract
part |2 pages
Suggested Alternatives to Significance Testing
chapter 6|28 pages
Reforming Significance Testing via Three-Valued Logic
ByRichard J. Harris
View abstract
chapter 7|20 pages
A Case Study in the Failure of Psychology as a Cumulative Science: The Spontaneous Recovery of Verbal Learning
View abstract
chapter 8|18 pages
Goodness of Approximation in the Linear Model
ByRoderick P. McDonald
View abstract
chapter 9|34 pages
Noncentrality Interval Estimation and the Evaluation of Statistical Models
View abstract
chapter 10|24 pages
When Confidence Intervals Should Be Used Instead of Statistical Tests, and Vice Versa
View abstract
part |2 pages
A Bayesian Perspective on Hypothesis Testing
chapter 11|30 pages
An Introduction to Bayesian Inference and Its Applications
ByRobert M. Pruzek
View abstract
chapter 12|12 pages
Testing “Small,” not Null, Hypotheses: Classical and Bayesian Approaches
View abstract
part |2 pages
Philosophy of Science Issues
chapter 13|52 pages
Good Science Is Abductive, not Hypothetico-Deductive
ByWilliam W. Rozeboom
View abstract
chapter 14|30 pages
The Problem Is Epistemology, Not Statistics: Replace Significance Tests by Confidence Intervals and Quantify Accuracy of Risky Numerical Predictions
View abstract
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