ABSTRACT

First published in 1982. The reasons behind the establishment of this Series on Arabic linguistics are manifold. First: Arabic linguistics is developing into an increasingly interesting and important subject within the broad field of modern linguistic studies. Second: Arabic linguistics is reaching a mature stage in its development benefiting from both the early Arabic linguistic scholarship and modern techniques of general linguistics and related disciplines. Third: The scope of this discipline is wide and varied, covering diverse areas such as Arabic phonetics, phonology and grammar, Arabic psycholinguistics, Arabic dialectology, Arabic lexicography and lexicology, Arabic sociolinguistics, teaching and learning of Arabic as a first, second, or foreign language, communications, semiotics, terminology, translation, machine translation, Arabic computational linguistics, history of Arabic linguistics, etc.

chapter |2 pages

Introduction

chapter |12 pages

Lieutenant Colonel F.B. Longe, Surveyor General of India, Seasons 1904-1905 is ap­ pended. Tape Recordings and Transcriptions The basic material was recorded on tapes, which were then transcribed phonetically on paper. The symbols used for transcriptions were imainly such as those employed by Orientalists. All the tapes were transcribed regardless of the material they contained. Material such as pertaining to folk-lore was only used for whatever relevance it had to this work. The terminology employed for linguistic analysis, corresponds throughout to that normally used by linguists interested in Arabic dialect studies. Arrangement of the Material The material is divided into six parts. Part I (Section A) treats of the pre-lslamic tribes of Bahrain, their descendants in the area, and to some extent, traces the origins of the contemporary Arab population of Bahrain. This was necessitated mainly by the inadequacy of the ethnological data, particularly in respect of the origins of the Bahārnah of Bahrain, prevailing in the literature on the area. In addition, a historical survey of Bahrain is provided in Section B of the same part. Part II is devoted to the phonology of the Bahārnah dialect. Characteristic phono­ logical features and dialectal peculiarities are discussed in this part. Inter-dialectal com­ parisons, where considered necessary because of regional variations etc. are made; and to some degree the Bahārnah forms which diverge from their Anazi counterforms are also considered. Definitions of local terms and occasional diachronic remarks on certain fea­ tures are made. At the start of each part, a brief account of the findings and the topics discussed is given. In Part III of the study the morphology of B is examined. Here, again, a descriptive

analysis of the basic nominal and verbal forms is made. Comparisons especially in those areas where no marked differences are observed, are held to a minimum. Again, char­ acteristic features and peculiarities are sorted out and commented upon. Part IV examines syntactical features of this dialect. It investigates the syntactic behaviour of certain verbs, the concepts of past, present, and future. In addition, it

part |1 pages

Part 1 Section (A) The ancient region of Al-Bahrain

chapter |8 pages

The Emergence of cAbd al-Qais Tribes

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ārīf traces them

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PART I: SECTION (B)

chapter |11 pages

empire for the next three centuries. The chief tribes of pre-lslamic Bahrain wereAbd al-Qais, Tamīm, and Bakr ibn Wā?il. Al-Mundhir ibn Sāwa ibn Zayd Manāt ibn Tamīm

under their rule and shortly afterwards ?Awāl. Under the leadership of al-Jannābi clan, the Carmathians ruled over the region including the island of ?Awāl from around 286 to 366 A.H. Abu al-Bahlūl al Awwām, independent chief of ?Awāl When the Carmathian power began to dwindle, al Awwām ibn Muhammad ibn

part |2 pages

Part II The phonology of the Bahārnah dialect

chapter 1|14 pages

1 ?ani

chapter |14 pages

suf­

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m.s. yiġsil (he washes) yihlam (he dreams) yihfur (he digs)

the imperfect preformatives of the two strong verbs above, both in A and B,

chapter |20 pages

perf. perf. A imperf. imperf. A

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BABA

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A Bahārnah villager

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Fishermen from the village of Dirāz

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Traditional houses of Bahrain

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Other traditional houses (of Bahrain)

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g. Thus itji

chapter |4 pages

Part IV Some syntactic features

chapter |9 pages

?is-sahan inkasar

chapter |7 pages

kill ?arba saa aat, ?ibla habbe

The adverbial particle kille (regularly, always) is regularly found in pre-participial positions in these sentences. Cf: 3 m.s. kille 3 f.s. kille

chapter |1 pages

PartV Lexical features

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?ajaawiid

chapter |18 pages

Part VI Comparative analysis

chapter |13 pages

daraayiš

part |1 pages

Appendices

chapter 195|5 pages

Texts

THE INFORMANTS AND THEIR VILLAGES

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Bibliography

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al-KhaliJ al-Arabi Baghdad.

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General index

Absā? (al-) 12,15,17, 21, 25, 29 Jamrah 2, 24,129 Āl-BinAli 7, 23, 25 Budayyi(al-) 2, 5,9, 23, 24 Äl-BuAynayn 24, 25 Carmathians 19, 20, 29, 33, 34 Āl-Bu Falāsah 7, 25 Committee of National Union 32 Âl-Jalâhimah 7,23,25 Dawāsir (al-) 9, 23, 24, 25, 31

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taali 105 -(e) š/-eč (2 f.s.) 99 taba 95 -hem 99,166 taww 104 -hum 99 -iin 86 -inne 84,156,166

yaa 116,125 -oo (diminutive) 65 -don (plural) 80 -š (2 f.s.) 41, 44, 59, 66, 99, 146-7, rakba 140 -tinne 84, 156,166

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IRAN

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ARĀD

chapter |1 pages

'ĪSA

chapter |3 pages

miles

chapter |1 pages

NA'ĪM 'ĀLI

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chapter |1 pages

Formal Characteristics Fr icatives Gender ( ) £_^ -Jl Glottal Stop

A " j^_s —I bl*^<b> J ~«x 11 a-iu»^ -J 1 Glottis U«J»oJ 1 . B Grammar fl b 1 11 1 _)Ji Grammatical Categories ’■ 11 I '»> / 1 Gutturals i-jiuUJl B^-l Intonation p../ B-. • I I

chapter |30 pages

Glossary of linguistic terms: English-Arabic

Affricates Affrication Alveo-Dental Alveolars

chapter |6 pages

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