ABSTRACT
Psycho-analysts will also notice many universal symbols in the chisungu ceremony. The serpent and other animal symbols are of wide distribution. So are the mimetic representations of journeys through dark and difficult places to reach knowledge and safety. Such imagery commonly occurs in dreams. The frequent oral handling of the mbusa and other objects in the chisungu may also be significant from a psycho-analytical point of view. However, since no study of the symbolism in Bemba dreams or other revelations of their unconscious fantasies has ever been made this is merely a presumption.
