ABSTRACT
Advancing step by step, the Greeks first reached the head of the lEgean Sea. The men of Chalcis, after occupying the small islands north of Eubrea, crossed to the peninsula opposite, which was henceforward called, after its occupants, Chalcidice. There they founded Torone and the other cities of the peninsula of Sithonia, while their Eretrian neighbours established themselves on the peninsula of Pallene. Andros sent colonists to Acanthos and Stageira. Finally, in the first half of the VIth century, the Corinthians arrived, and founded Potidrea. At the same time as Chal cidice, the shores of Thrace received Greek immigrants. In the first half of the VIIth century Thasos had been occupied by the Parians ; in their turn, the Thasians landed on the neighbouring coast and occupied several points, while beside them the Chians had settled at Maroneia. About the middle of the Vlth century, Abdera was founded by Clazomenre, and lEnos by Mytilene. The Greek settlements in Chalcidice
tion. The colonists were attracted less by the agricultural wealth of the inland basins than by the forests of Chalcidice, which supplied ship-builders with timber and resin, and still more by the precious metals, in particular gold. After the mines of Thasos, which had perhaps been discovered by the Phrenicians, l those of the mainland were worked--8capte Hyle, 2 Daton, 3 and Mount Pangreos. 4 But the Greeks came into collision with the natives. While the inhabitants of Macedonia seem to have received them in a trustful spirit, the peoples of Thrace, who were rude and warlike, resisted the establishment of the strangers. The Clazomenians who had settled at Abdera could not hold out against their attacks, and to consolidate the settlement a second wave of immigrants was needed, in the person of the Teians. driven out of Asia by the Persian conquest. It was not until the IVth century that the Thracian princes, the rulers of the great kingdom of the Odrysians, became Hellenized and figured in Greek history as allies of Athens. 5
While the Greeks were advancing up the coast of Europe, they were doing likewise up that of Asia. From Lesbos and Tenedos, which were for a long time the advanced posts of Hellenism, the Greeks occupied the coast of the Troad and arrived at the entrance of the Hellespont. They at once perceived how desirable it was to hold the route to the north. Moreover, the currents and winds, which bore southwards, practically obliged navigators to put into port in the straits. For a long time they had avoided the difficult passage by taking the land road acrOiS the isthmus which was commanded by the fort of Troy. In the ports of the Hellespont, one could both watch the route and wait for the most favourable moment. On the European shore, the Lesbians installed themselves at Sestos, while on the Asiatic side, towards which the current flowed, the Milesians founded Abydos and the Phocreans Lampsacos. Beyond the straits, on the Propontis. Miletos founded Cyzicos about 675, and numerous Milesian settlements sprang up round it. The European shore was more Ileglected than the Asiatic ; not until the beginning of the VIth century did the Samians found Perinthos there.
