ABSTRACT
Throughout the nineteenth century German education was disturbed by important questions connected with religion. Two fundamental issues were involved. The first was whether education should be controlled by church or state, the second whether the schools should be denominational. These problems were different in different states and were most acute in states with a mixed religious population. They were also intensified by the rise of Prussia, in which about three-fifths of the population were Protestant. Another factor was the close connection between the ruling houses of the north German states and the Evangelical Church.
