ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the civilian activities in total war, civilian morale, family readjustment, and mental disturbances due to aerial warfare. In countries in which fighting is going on, and in those liable to air bombardment, the civilian population is exposed to the stress and hazards of combat. A social-psychological analysis of the institutional aspects of this work remains to be made. Competent observers suggest that many individuals got an emotional lift out of the authority and prestige which went with some of these community services. The direct participation of the whole adult civilian population in modern war, either in war industries or in various community services, has many and varied effects on family life. The national state is for modern man the largest in-group which calls for his reverence, deference, and sense of belonging. It has replaced the church as the basic center of affection, social solidarity, and security, as the core of basic in-group attitudes and values.
