ABSTRACT
Dr Gustaf Stern combines very exceptional qualifications. He has the philologist's training and width of scholarship - with the caution and love of thoroughness that only such training can give. Some considerations as to Stern's use of the word 'referent' I postpone. Dr Stern distinguishes 'three main types of substitution, according to the origin of the change. Dr Stern excellently explains on an earlier page the difference between actual and lexical meaning and points out that he is concerned only with actual meanings, which are with words in actual speech, not with words as they appear in a dictionary. It is true that at times an exceptional logician will daringly wonder if perhaps the aim of logic is to provide the methods by which the meanings of words may be defined, but there the matter usually ends.
