ABSTRACT
GAUTAl\fA * is the Aristotle of India, and his system of Nyaya is the Hindu Logic. His date is unknown, and he is said to have marriea Ahalya. He lived no doubt in the Rationalistic Period, but probably a century after Kapila. The Nj/&'ya Stttra, which is ascribed to him, is divided into five books, each divided into two It days" or diurnal lessons, and these are again divided into articles, and each article consists of a number of Sutras, Nyaya is still a favourite study in India, and we have seen students from Kashmir and Rajputana and Northern India attending the celebrated Nyaya schools in Navadvipa in Bengal, living in the houses of their teachers, and pursuing their studies for years together, in the very same way· in which students among the Magadhas and Angas and Kosalas and Videhas pursued their studies when Gautarm, the logician, .lived and taught! Everything else has changed in India, but ancient-traditional learning is still handed down in tols from generation to generatioa in the same ancient method. The spirit of the tinJe, however, has told on these time-honoured institutions; the mass of students turn away from these secluded seats of learning to schools and universities; the founders of tols get scarcely 'enough to live upon, and travel from place to place to. seek the bounty of welI-
disposed men"; and the number of students is getting fewer 'Year by year. Nevertheless, with their wonderful loyalty to the past, Hindu pundits ar.d Hindu students still adhere to this ancient system of teaching, of which we have given a bi lef account before from the Dharma Sutras ; and it is to be hopeC: this relic of the past will yet survive modern changes and innovations.
