ABSTRACT
This chapter traces the intellectual and Absence of religious development of the early Aryans in India, and their territorial constitution into castes and communities. It deals with the great upheaval of Buddhism against Brahmanism in the 6th century before Christ. The early Aryan settlements to the west of the Indus long remained outside the caste system; the later Aryan offshoots to the south and east of the Middle Land only partially carried that system with them. Brahman The truth is, that the Aryans in India worshipped—first, as philoso they feared; then, as they admired; and finally, as they reasoned, phy. Aryan settlements in the Middle Land of Bengal, tacked on to the central story; others are mythological episodes, theological discourses, and philosophic disquisitions, intended to teach the military caste its duties, especially its duty of reverence to the Brahmans.
