ABSTRACT
Specialization of function has been a cardinal principle of business organization since the beginning of the industralization process. From Adam Smith’s famous example of job specialization in the manufacture of pins to Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management, the idea that increasing job simplification meant increasing efficiency of operation has been among the principles applied to the organization of production. The division of labor resulting from industrial machine technology and large scale organization has been so continuous that it appeared to be an irreversible direction of change in contemporary societies.
