ABSTRACT

As indicated in Chapter 15, the USA can transmit inflation in three ways: first, by higher export prices for its products sold overseas; second, by lowering its own interest rates and inducing inflows of capital into the rest of the world; third, by increasing its own level of activity and/or through structural shifts in its own demand for the rest of the world's exports. The US contribution to world inflation - 1960 to 1973 summary

1960–64

1965–66

1967–68

1969–72

1.

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+0.6

+3.1

+1.6

+3.8

1960–64

1965–68

1969–70

1971–72

2.

rUS

3.0

4.8

6.5

4.2

(1.7)

(1.9)

(0.9)

(0.3)

3.

reu

4.0

5.7

9.2

6.0

1960–64

1965–68

1969–71

1972–73

4.

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3.8

14.1

5.7

9.9

5.

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4.0

4.8

1.9

5.6

1960–64

1965–68

1969–73

6.

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4.3

4.9

5.9

Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics . https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315019468/9761a25c-502b-4b55-9e24-18824bef166d/content/in182_1_B.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> =percentage increase in US export prices rUS =US Treasury Bill rate (brackets show real interest rates - defined simply as the nominal less the rate of inflation) reu =Euro-dollar rate in London https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315019468/9761a25c-502b-4b55-9e24-18824bef166d/content/in182_2_B.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> =percentage increase in volume of US imports https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315019468/9761a25c-502b-4b55-9e24-18824bef166d/content/in182_3_B.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> =percentage increase in real US gross national product https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781315019468/9761a25c-502b-4b55-9e24-18824bef166d/content/in182_4_B.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> =ratio (percentage) of imports to gross national product (US) Numbers in parentheses in line 2 represent real interest rates.