ABSTRACT
The last chapter discussed the Ming period, which lasted from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century, the very time of the Western world’s transition from the medieval period to modern nationalism. It was noted that two powerful impulses were inherited from that phase of Chinese history. These were: a peculiar and acute form of xenophobia, and an intense desire to maintain and enjoy the traditions and values of the ancient and integral culture of China itself. The former reaction was understandable and justifiable, considering all that the Mongol domination had meant in exploitation or discrimination against the Chinese. This was bound to lead to a bitter and prejudiced anti-foreignism, which was continued and reinforced in the succeeding Manchu period (1644–1911).
