ABSTRACT
On September 21, 1938, the Spanish Prime Minister, Juan Negrín, announced to the League of Nations in Geneva that the Republic would unilaterally withdraw all foreign military volunteers. With so few International Brigaders still fighting, Spain was taking no real military risk. There was hope, however, that this might pressure Franco into asking his substantial contingent of German and Italian troops to leave. Some, indeed, still imagined this additional moral pressure might get the embargo lifted. As for any immediate chance of an organized antifascism from the governments of the West, that was put to rest elsewhere—in Munich—the same month.
