ABSTRACT
When the territory of the United States was directly struck by a premeditated attack planned from outside of its borders for the first time since World War II, the initial impetus of the U.S. government was to protect the territorial homeland, to close its borders, and to provide security for its public. That is precisely what it did on September 11, 2001. It grounded all aircraft and virtually sealed its borders with both Canada and Mexico. In effect, as Stephen Flynn put it in his contribution to this book, the United States imposed a costly embargo on itself.
