of the London charges and was reckoned by the

Insurance (F) was paid as part of the Newcastle charges and cannot be given before 1757, though it is recorded from 1748 to 1784 that the coal was to be insured at 98% of value. The rates are influenced by the season of the year and also, more markedly, by alternations between peace and war. From the latter point of view, the most significant dates within the currency of the series are as follows:— C.Yr. 1763 Peace of Paris. 1778 (Jan.) Alliance between France and America. 1779 Spain joins France against England. 1780 Armed neutrality of Northern Powers against England.