ABSTRACT
This chapter Identifies the common administrative and functional bureaus within China's government agencies provides some insight into the structure of its civilian and military intelligence services. Governments generally create similar departments in each interlocking agency in order to achieve uniformity and to facilitate communication within the system. Like all government bureaucracies, the Chinese intelligence services must have a defined organizational structure to accomplish their various missions. Another source of information on the structure of China's intelligence apparatus is public exposure of clandestine operations. Details of China's human-source intelligence collection operations—from press accounts and US court and congressional records—highlight espionage techniques, expose clandestine intelligence activities, and point to specific departments within China's intelligence agencies. To supplement the information obtained from open sources, dozens of interviews with Chinese dissidents, defectors, and active intelligence officers were conducted.
