ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have examined the work lives and political and social environments of female clerical workers in Chicago, Pittsburgh, Albany, and in the nation. The hierarchical structure of offices, the feminization of the workforce, pay scales, hours, environments, opportunity, and even social organizations among business women in each of these cities all resemble one another. Most women worked within offices characterized by patriarchal and paternalistic corporate authority that significantly limited occupational opportunity. Applauded by the city’s leaders, businessmen used their elevated social and political status to mold a workforce that suited their needs. They influenced the social organizations linked to this workforce. Atlanta’s traditional women’s network emerged in the late nineteenth century and served educated elite women who sought intellectual companionship, performed religious and civic welfare work, or met for social purposes. Individual female clerical workers entered business women’s clubs for association. Many clubs sponsored social activities and enjoined women who labored together to fraternize outside the confines of office.