ABSTRACT
My fieldwork in California provided me with access to four (4) Japanese-owned and two (2) foreign-owned companies. I interviewed 13 individuals, of which two (2) were Japanese managers, and eleven (11) were American managers. One (1) Japanese-owned company was the corporate headquarters of an automobile manufacturer, and the remaining three (3) Japanese-owned and two (2) foreign-owned companies were in high-tech industries. In terms of the company size, all the high-tech firms I studied, and one (1) headquarters of an automobile manufacturer were medium-large sized. As in the previous chapter on the Midwest, in this chapter, I will examine the eight elements among these four (4) Japanese-owned companies in California.
