ABSTRACT
Crossman, R.H.S. (editor), The God That Failed: Six Studies in Communism, London: Hamish Hamilton, and New York: Harper, 1950
Lipset, Seymour Martin, Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics, revised edition, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981; London: Heinemann, 1983
MacIntyre, Alasdair, “The End of the End of Ideology” in Against the Self Images of the Age: Essays on Ideology and Philosophy, New York: Schocken, and London: Duckworth, 1971
Mannheim, Karl, Ideology and Utopia: An Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge, London: Routledge, and New York: Harcourt Brace, 1936; reprinted 1985
Rostow, W.W., The Stages of Economic Growth: A NonCommunist Manifesto, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1965; 3rd edition 1990
Shils, Edward, “The End of Ideology?”, Encounter, 5 (1955): 52-58
Waxman, Chaim I. (editor), The End of Ideology Debate, New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1968
The “end of ideology” debate began in the mid-1950s with a provocative essay by SHILS. He thought it possible, perhaps even likely, that “ideology” – any system of ideas and beliefs that inspires and motivates people to act collectively – could become obsolete before the 20th century ended. Shils saw a coming consensus on political principles, especially in the West, centring on fundamental human rights and the economic protections afforded by the welfare state. It is important to note that the title of his essay ends with a question mark, for he raised it as a query and a possibility, not an assertion of fact.
