ABSTRACT
Some natural resources lie outside national jurisdictions or cut across existing jurisdictional boundaries in such a way that effective management by any one state is infeasible. For example, the principal concentrations of manganese nodules in the Pacific Ocean are in areas that lie beyond even the most expansionary claims to national jurisdiction. Many stocks of fish and other renewable marine resources (e.g., marine mammals and oceanic birds) range over extensive areas without regard for the jurisdictional boundaries of sovereign states. The airwaves employed in intercontinental broadcasting are not subject to effective control by individual states. By its very nature, maritime commerce commonly makes use of sea lanes that pass through two or more sovereign jurisdictions.
