ABSTRACT
Groundwater has been used in Thailand for many years for both household and industrial consumption. In Bangkok and adjacent areas, records show that groundwater utilization began as early as the 1900s. Groundwater from privately owned wells has been important for household consumption particularly in areas where piped water is not available. Low extraction costs have also made groundwater an attractive source of water supply to the industrial sector. In years of surface water shortage, government agencies such as the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority and the Provincial Waterworks Authority rely on groundwater extraction to meet the deficit.
