ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the differential perceptions of deviance in two kinds of subcultures: rural subcultures in India, Indonesia, Iran, and Yugoslavia and the subculture of violence in Sardinia. Thus, very roughly according to the three dimensions of subculture it may make a reasonable argument that the rural samples of India, Indonesia, Iran, and Yugoslavia represent definable rural subcultures. The chapter standardizes measure of the "gap" that existed between each individual's opinion on the appropriate prison term and that theoretically provided by the law. Substantial differences in perceptions of deviance between the urban and rural groups were found for Iran, Indonesia, and Yugoslavia. For Iran and Yugoslavia, the direction of the difference was predicted by the popular theories of modernization: that liberalization occurs mainly in the cities and the rural areas lag conservatively behind. The subculture of violence hypothesis of value differentiation would predict that robbery would be seen as much less serious by the Sardinians than by the rural Yugoslavs.
