ABSTRACT
The faith of the Quakers was formulated by Robert Barclay, who had come to his Quaker convictions from the background of Scottish Presbyterianism. The Theses Theologicae, which served as a basis for his Apology, first appeared in 1675. In a preface introducing the Theses to doctors, professors, and students of divinity, Barclay disparages "school divinity, brings not a whit nearer to God, either makes any man less wicked, or more righteous than he was". The dominant theology of the time had been expressed in the Westminster Confession, from which Barclay's Theses differ significantly. Barclay himself, however, has been accused of stating the Quaker faith in too "orthodox" a fashion and in terms of a Calvinistic dualism. The Seventh Ecumenical Council, which nullified the Council of 754, was accepted by the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Roman Catholic Church.
