ABSTRACT
The indices used to measure private nonprofits' level of autonomy are organizations' founders, leadership patterns, revenue structure, and relationship with the government. Advocacy is another important index used to measure nonprofit organization (NPO) publicness. Property rights are one of the indices with which people measure NPOs' level of publicness. Private nonprofits can be considered to have two essential characteristics: autonomy and "publicness," or the degree to which the nonprofit's mission serves the public interest. The revenue structure of an NPO directly influences its autonomy. In the field of NPO research, public benefit usually corresponds to the concept of mutual benefit. Given China's dual oversight system, every NPO is assigned both a registration department and a sponsoring authority. The development of NPOs will not only contribute to the provision of public services and social economic growth but also to the formation and evolution of Chinese civil society.
