ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that government should in a balanced way simultaneously give and take: the giving contributes to the legitimacy, the taking to the effectiveness. And, government can "give-and-take" by combining restrictive and stimulative policy instruments. For a full understanding of the elaborated "give-and-take strategy", the chapter explores the opportunities and limitations of the approach. In the chapter, legitimacy is used as an overall term for the degree to which a certain policy is accepted by the citizens and their organization. The legitimacy of a policy instrument is expressed by the degree to which the policy instrument is assessed to be feasible by the policymakers and evokes actual acceptance among citizens and their organizations. The effectiveness of a policy should be discerned from its goal attainment. The division of policy instruments into the communicative, economic, and judicial control models is the dominant viewpoint. The chapter further discusses the distinction between repressive and stimulative forms of these control models.
