ABSTRACT
In the present chapter no attempt will be made to consider all of the different frameworks which have been utilized, nor shall research under any particular framework be reviewed comprehensively. Instead, attention will be focused on a limited number of issues which are believed to have been of special importance during the past decade. The concept "personality" will be used throughout in a more narrow sense than is frequently the case, and will in general coincide with the implicit definitions of the psychiatrist, the psychoanalyst, and the clinical psychologist in which the idea of motivation or of need-disposition is central. The term social structure will also be assigned a relatively narrow meaning and will be used to indicate the over-all organization of social institutions and other components of the social system. In other words, we shall be concerned with "the social structure" rather than with specific kinds of "social structuring." In addition no systematic distinction will be maintained between social and cultural systems, and social and cultural components will be regarded as elements of a single system.
