ABSTRACT
References to Freud are scattered throughout Santayana's writings. In 1915, at about the time he had read DieTraumdeutung, he discussed E. B. Holt's book, TheFreudian Wish of Philosophy in his article, "Two Rational Moralists" for TheJournal of Philosophy. Santayana introduces the question of morality, and shows his familiarity with Freud's writings to that point on wish- fulfilment, from which follows the suppression or inhibition of socially or individually harmful acts. Santayana's read Lucretius, Dererum natura, both in Latin and in Munro's translation of 1903, with interesting attention to the passage on dreams in Book IV. Freud's first significant use of the term "unconscious" in Beyond the PleasurePrinciple occurs when he contrasts early efforts at therapy with his later theory of transference, and of recollection as effective techniques. In his reading of Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Santayana reverts to naturalism, as exemplified in Scepticism and Animal Faith in his notes on Freud's wrestling with the idea of transference, memory, and instinct.
