ABSTRACT
Society has an interest in protecting human and animal health. Hoarding, puppy mills, and infestations threaten human health. Keeping multiple animals in small spaces requires compliance with strict regulations to ensure safety and avoid health hazards. Animal hoarders excessively accumulate animals; typically, hoarding occurs inside homes. "Puppy mill" is a term used to describe a commercial operation in which excessive numbers of animals are quarantined to minimize costs while maximizing breeding and sales. In other jurisdictions a number of animals living outdoors together can constitute an infestation even if those animals are regarded as neighborhood residents. Excessive populations of animals in captivity or in the wild may result in culling. Animals may reproduce or be bred excessively to their detriment. Human control over animals sometimes results in excessive populations. Cruelty cannot be inflicted on animals, irrespective of their quantities or threat to humans.
