Twentieth-Century Rehabilitative Ideal and “Correctional” System (1900–1960s)

The juvenile court, probation, indeterminate sentencing, parole, and the reformatory all stemmed from the broad social mission of the progressive agenda. The premise behind the progressive-based penology was that scientific casework would reveal the causes of crime and appropriate rehabilitation strategies. This premise was termed by Francis Allen (1964) as the “twentieth-century rehabilitative ideal.”