ABSTRACT
The neglect of nineteenth century German religious life by mid twentieth century historians, partly because many mid twentieth century historians are not interested in religion, has naturally affected the state of primary sources. The religious outlook of the German Protestant at the beginning of the nineteenth century was generally formed by one of two influences: Pietism and rationalism. As a formative influence on religious belief and practice, Pietism was intense rather than diverse. The general standard of living and the social status of the clergy benefited from the keen interest shown in religious affairs by the dynasty and government. A revived interest in religion as a conservative social force was characteristic of the ruling classes of several countries in the wake of the Napoleonic wars, notably France and Austria. The close association between the 'awakened' aristocrats from the eastern provinces of Prussia and deferential clergymen brought about further sociological change in the clergy: intermarriage with the nobility.
