ABSTRACT
Since the 1980s, a fundamental question in psycholinguistics has been whether the processes engaged during language production and comprehension should be conceived as modular or not. In both domains, two fundamental properties of the processing system have been debated: Whether the flow of information from a level n to a subsequent level n+1 is maximal or minimal (e.g., does information cascade from one processing level to the next or is only the end result at each level transmitted to the following level?); and whether the flow of information from a level n to a level n+1 is bidirectional or unidirectional (does information at a given level feed back to a previous level?).
