ABSTRACT
This chapter traces back the origins of the dichotomy "beyond Woodrow Wilson". It focuses on conceptual rather than practical origins. The chapter also focuses on how the separation-of-powers doctrine in particular provided important ingredients for later formulations of the dichotomy. It expresses that the rise of public administration within the state evoked two responses: the first gives public administration a legitimate but subordinate place within the constitutional order, while the second gives administration a special status besides and sometimes even elevated above that order. The chapter then focuses on how French writers about the place of administration in modern government took up the first line of thinking. It examines how representatives of the German Verwaltungslehre developed the second line of thinking. The chapter explores the characteristics of the 'nascent' dichotomy as it was understood before its famous articulation in Wilson's 1887 essay.
