ABSTRACT
Who is raising the question of religion/Islam and human rights, to whom, and to what end? Is the question raised for both sides of the equation, or only for the religion or the human rights side? There is a significant difference if the issue is raised by a religious believer who supports the universality of human rights, in contrast to a believer who opposes the universality of human rights, or an atheist who challenges the ability of religion (rather than religious believers) to support the universality of human rights. There is also a significant difference between raising the issue as a judgment about Islam or about human rights, as opposed to an inquiry about the implications of the universality of human rights for the integrity of a religious community.
