ABSTRACT
The broadest category of the many logical and rhetorical fallacies that reduce a complex set of realities to an overly simplistic, black-and-white explanation. Sometimes after students have started to study fallacies, they are inclined to approach arguments searching just for fallacies in them, only looking for points to pick apart, rather than also looking for good, fallacy-free arguments or those that effectively point out fallacies in someone else's argument. The latter approach should be part of students goal in studying this list of logical and rhetorical fallacies. The rhetorical fallacy of justifying a shady ethical practice because "everybody does it." Also see tu quoque and two wrongs make a right. The rhetorical fallacy of misrepresenting an opponent's ideas, whether unintentionally or intentionally. The rhetorical fallacy of invalid appeal to the audience's emotions at the expense of reason. Appeals to emotion are fallacious generally when they appeal to feeling about something as evidence for it.
