Duncan J. McMillan (1985), ‘The Extent of the Continental Shelf: Factors Affecting the Accuracy of a Continental Margin Boundary’, Marine Policy, 9, pp. 148-56.

The definition of warships from the Geneva Convention on the High Seas has been taken over into the Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention. The LOS Convention has confirmed the "complete immunity" of warships "from the jurisdiction of any State other than the flag State" on the high seas. The claim that many questions have not been given clear answers in the 1982 LOS Convention is particularly true in respect of the navigation and other activities of warships. A great deal of knowledge gained through the conduct of marine scientific research can be used for military purposes. The LOS Convention contains an additional element which is related to the problem of the military uses of the sea. The Convention itself confirms that military activities at sea are not forbidden. General provisions regarding navigation and overflight apply to warships and military aircraft too.